Tuesday, 30 July 2013

016. Mutation Of Dengue Viruses Happens In Kerala But Experts Deny It

Mutation Of Dengue Viruses Happens In Kerala But Experts Deny It

By Special Correspondent 

30 July 2013 Trivandrum

National Virology Institute in Pune, India was entrusted by the government of Kerala with the responsibility of studying possibilities of gene mutation that might have been happening to Dengue Viruses in Kerala. This disease has been spreading in Kerala at unprecedented rates and following people's alarm and continuous protests, the government was forced to do this. The team from Pune consisted of so called experts in the field such as Dr. Kalpana Beruva, Dr.B.V.Tendale and Dr. Ratnakar Sahu. The Institute has a sub centre at Alappuzha, the data collected and information available where was handed over to the team of experts. They also conferred with Rajeev Gandhi Institute of Bio Technology Centre, Trivandrum.

Blood samples collected from 100 dengue patients were sent to their mother lab in Pune. The team inspected the most-dengue-affected areas and the hospitals in those areas. Their conclusion is that there has been the least possibility of mutational change to dengue viruses in Kerala, based on the facts that it will take at least 10 years for genetic mutational changes to happen to dengue viruses and dengue began to spread widely in Kerala only since 2006.


The World Health Organization classifies dengue as a Zoonosis. ‘A zoonosis or zoonose is any infectious disease that can be transmitted between species from animals to humans or from humans to animals. Agents that can carry infectious organisms that may be zoonotic include dogs, bats, horses, monkeys, mosquitoes, fishes, pigs, sheep, flies, goats and humans. Infectious agents can be bacteria, fungi, parasites and viruses. Of the many zoonoses than can be contacted to human beings, the most common are anthrax, brucellosis, chagas disease, cholera, cow-pox, dengue fever, ebola, H1N1flu, hantavirus, nipah fever, plague, Q-fever, rabies, salmonellosis and yellow fever. The major factor contributing to the appearance of zoonotic diseases in humans is increased contact between human and wildlife. Either human activity can move into areas of wilderness or wild animals can move into areas of human activity. In the past the latter happened due to anthropological or environmental disturbances but in the modern times it happens due the man’s habit of keeping animals in homes as pets’. According to Encyclopedia Britannica, ‘Zoonosis is any infectious disease transmitted between humans and other vertebrate animals. The term was originally defined to describe a group of diseases that humans may acquire from domestic animals. This definition has been modified to include all human diseases that are acquired from or transmitted to any other vertebrate’. 

Flaviviridae Flavivirus is the virus which causes Dengue fever. ‘The Flaviviridae are a family of viruses that are primarily spread through arthropod vectors, mainly ticks and mosquitoes. Most of these viruses are transmitted by the bite from an infected arthropod, mosquito or tick, and hence, classified as arboviruses’. We know, evolution and mutation are a continuously happening thing in nature and human intelligence is still now unable to halt, check, control or modify its course, especially when it is happening in the world of microbes. Pluto was a satellite of the Sun till two or three years ago but all of a sudden now it is not. Even Cambridge Book of Astronomy has to be modified on this account of a few observers’ views and opinions of celestial bodies. Today a flavivirus responsible for dengue is considered to be belonging to the category of diseases transmitted only through mosquitoes and never through dogs. Many others of such diseases were also thought to be so, till they acquire the ability to get transmitted through the secondary intermediary vector, independent of the primary first. Something that is yesterday transmitted through mosquitoes today gets transmitted through ticks and tomorrow it will develop itself into establishing independent animal transmission routes, defying mosquitoes and ticks. Mutations and evolutions do not wait for scientists to prove or for academics to classify and record. Microbial mutation and evolution occurs at multiple rates of scientific progress, every day, every hour. That is why millions still die out of microbial infections, scientists and physicians standing helpless. In the story, the Martians die on the earth because they are encountering microbes for the first time in their lives. In the real world, men die in millions because even though his body is seasoned against microbes, he cannot cope with their fast-rated mutation and ever happening changes in their ways of operation.




015. Vilappil Residents Demand Permanent Closure Of Waste Treatment Plant

Vilappil residents demand permanent closure of waste treatment plant

By About Corruption.Org



Residents of Vilappil grama panchayat in Kerala, who have been waging a battle against the adjacent Thiruvananthapuram Municipal Corporation over garbage dumping in their area, have once again succeeded in putting the authorities on their back foot. On August 3, residents of the panchayat prevented the district administration from moving machinery for leachate treatment into the corporation’s solid waste treatment plant located in the panchayat. The district administration had to withdraw the police force it had deployed at the site in the face of stiff resistance.


The district administration had clamped prohibitory orders against public gatherings in Vilappil panchayat under Section 144 of the Criminal Procedure Code (CrPC). This was to enable the corporation to move the machinery to the waste treatment plant without any hindrance. Defying the orders, more than 5,000 villagers gathered and blockaded the road leading to the plant. Women and children took the front position. A large police force of about 2,500 personnel, including 500 women constables had been deployed to enforce law and order.


When the truck with the machinery reached the panchayat, the police started arresting and removing the protesters. The agitators lit bonfires on the road to block the truck and the cops. To douse the fire, police used water cannons. The protesters hurled stones. The battle continued for two hours, and finally the district administration was forced to withdraw the police force. In the melee, many people, including two women constables and a media person, sustained burns and injuries.

The municipal corporation had the backing of the Kerala High Court. A division bench of the court, while considering a petition filed by the corporation, had issued direction to the state government on July 26, asking it to provide adequate police protection to the corporation’s trucks carrying machinery for the leachate treatment plant under construction in the solid waste treatment plant premise.

The corporation’s plant has remained shut for the past six months after the residents took a strong decision not to allow garbage trucks coming from the corporation into the area. The residents have been protesting against the plant for more than a decade, highlighting environmental pollution, water contamination and subsequent health problems. Last year, they intensified their agitation and started a relay hunger strike which is still on.

No entry for Thiruvananthapuram waste.

It was when all the talks with the corporation authorities failed that the villagers decided to block the trucks. The Janakeeya Samara Samithi, the people’s front which is spearheading the agitation, wants an immediate and permanent closure of the plant. The corporation’s stand is that this was not possible and would only lead to a garbage crisis in the state capital. The village council stood with the people and passed a resolution not to allow any more city waste into the village.

In its petition to the high court, the corporation had alleged that the residents of Vilappil were not allowing it to even take equipment, clay for the landfill, and most importantly garbage, even when the corporation has a court order favouring it. In an earlier order of January 23, the division bench of the court had asked the corporation to take garbage to the plant with the help of the police. This culminated in brutal police action against the Vilappil people on February 13. The protesters, including women and children, were beaten up ruthlessly. But in the end, the police and the garbage trucks had to retreat.

The corporation once again approached the court, and the court strongly criticized the state police for their ineffective action and even suggested that the corporation should seek help from the Central Reserve Police Force (CRPF) for transporting garbage.

Though the gram panchayat had approached the Supreme Court against the high court’s verdict, the apex court refused to quash the high court order. In an interim order issued on March 19, the Supreme Court said the corporation could take 90 tonnes of waste a day to the plant (Thiruvananthapuram generates about 200 tonnes of garbage a day) after getting the mandatory no-objection certificate (NOC) from the Kerala state pollution control board (KSPCB) and the license for operation of its plant from the panchayat.

“We did our level best to implement the court order,” said additional district magistrate P K Girija while speaking to media persons after the incident. She led the operation. “We withdrew the force in the wake of the strong resistance from the people. We did not want to wage a war with the people,” she said. She also said the district administration will appraise the court about the situation in Vilappil.

‘Leachate plant an afterthought’.

The village council and the people say the leachate treatment plant and scientific landfill should have been constructed when the plant started operation in 2000. After causing all the pollution and contamination of groundwater in the panchayat through years of waste dumping, the corporation woke up to the need for a leachate plant only when the village panchayat closed down the plant, they contend.

“Once the leachate treatment plant is completed, the corporation would try to convince everyone that the factory does not pose any health hazard. We don’t want to be in such a situation and hence no machinery will be allowed here,” said S Sobhana Kumari, Vilappil Panchayat president. The residents are determined not to allow any more garbage into the plant despite the court orders. “If God comes directly and asks us to allow the corporation to transport city waste to our village, we won’t heed it,” says Beneckson, one of the agitation leaders.

The Panchayat committee has decided to issue a reminder notice to the corporation regarding the license of the plant. In May, the Panchayat had issued a notice to the corporation according to which the corporation does not have the license to run the plant. This means the Panchayat holds the right to demand the shut down of any plant that functions without a valid license.

The state government has taken a convenient stand that it has no other option than obeying the court order and provide police protection to the corporation’s trucks and the plant. “If we don’t obey the court order we’ll have to face contempt of court,” said Chief Minister Oommen Chandy, addressing media persons. At the same time, he says, people’s protests cannot be ignored.

Link: http://www.aboutcorruption.org/vilappil-residents-force-police-to-retreat/

Republished here by courtesy of: About Corruption.Org





014. World Bank Postpones Funding Indian Health Programme On Corruption Claims

World Bank postpones funding Indian health programme on corruption claims

By Yahoo News
 
April 13, 2006

The World Bank has postponed funding to the crucial second phase of a child health program, citing possible fraud and corruption in procurement of medicines,” reports Asia Pulse (Australia).

“The Bank has also withheld loans to two other health sector projects until the corruption issue is addressed. ‘We have postponed consideration of a second Reproductive and Child Health Program (RCH) program and two other health sector loans by the Board of the Bank. These are the Second National Tuberculosis Control Project and the Karnataka Health Systems Project,’ the multilateral agency said in a statement. This will give more time for discussion between the Bank and the Indian government on the most effective ways to address issues of fraud moving forward, it said.

World Bank's Department of Institutional Integrity has been conducting an investigation into allegations of possible fraud and corruption in the procurement of pharmaceuticals as part of the Bank-supported Reproductive and Child Health Program (RCHP). World Bank strongly believes that corruption and leakages are a major development issue for they undermine the intended outcomes for which public money is spent, the statement said. ‘The Government of India shares this concern,’ it added.

In an op-ed published in The Indian Express, World Bank Country Director of India, Michael Carter writes, “There is little doubt that India has significantly improved the well being of its people in recent years. With phenomenal growth over the past two decades, it has made remarkable progress in reducing poverty and in improving major social indicators like literacy. India’s latest achievements -- the services sector boom, vibrant middle-class, quality of technical human resources, emerging global economic presence, and so on -- have become a dominant discourse of our times,” writes Carter.

“Thanks to this record, the world has grown to acknowledge India’s inherent ability to overcome its daunting development challenges. Nevertheless, the fact remains that at this time there exist two Indias -- the India of high technology and exciting services and consumer class-led growth, and the India of depressing poverty, lagging regions, appalling public services, and avoidable human misery. Let us look at the enormity of the challenges India still faces and how much it lags even by developing country standards. Eritrea reports 45 infant deaths per 1,000 live births; India is at a high 63. In Botswana, 100 of every 100,000 women die during childbirth; India’s figure is 408.

A crucial impediment in India’s march to development is the quality of its public expenditure. It is generally recognized that there is a very poor connect in India between the quantum of public money allocated and the accessibility and quality of services delivered. As a result, despite ambitious and expensive government programs in almost every sector of human development since Independence, over a quarter of India’s population languishes below the destitution line while a huge proportion of those above it remains vulnerable to slipping back into poverty with a single shock, such as a natural disaster or illness. If India truly wants to take the fruits of its rapid economic growth to every section of its diverse society, it needs to plug the leaks in its public expenditure. For corruption is among the greatest obstacles to equitable economic and social development. It distorts the rule of law and weakens the institutional foundation on which economic growth depends. It is especially severe on the poor, who are most reliant on the provision of public services and are least capable of paying the extra costs associated with bribery and fraud.

As the globe’s foremost development institution, the World Bank is profoundly committed to improving the quality of people’s lives. We at the Bank strongly believe that corruption and leakages are a major development issue for they undermine the intended outcomes for which public money is spent. The Government of India shares this concern. In pursuit of this commitment, the World Bank’s Department of Institutional Integrity has been conducting an investigation into allegations of possible fraud and corruption in the procurement of pharmaceuticals under the Bank-supported Reproductive and Child Health Program I (RCHI). The investigation is still ongoing, but we have shared our findings so far with the Indian government and are working closely with it to resolve the issues.

Because corruption ultimately sabotages policies and programs that aim to reduce poverty, a crucial part of the World Bank’s mission as a development institution is to help support anti-corruption efforts anywhere. By insisting on rigorous and stringent procurement procedures for projects we are involved in, we hope to demonstrate development benefits of outcome-based public expenditure. In India, we are fully committed to backing the government’s efforts to bring its procurement procedures up to the highest international standards of integrity and transparency.

Needless to say, the Bank can only perform a bit part in this effort to reduce the corrosive impact of corruption in a sustainable way. The most decisive intervention can only come from Indian civil society, that vital band of stakeholders in good governance, and institutions like the media that, in India, mediate so effectively between the state and the public.

Link: http://health.dir.groups.yahoo.com/group/reprohealth_india/message/366

Republished here by courtesy of: The Yahoo Groups.





Monday, 29 July 2013

013. Ayurvedic Panel Demands Say In Kerala Health Policy

Ayurvedic panel demands say in Kerala health policy


By We Speak News Dot Com

March 7, 2013

Thiruvananthapuram, March 7 (IANS). The Ayurveda Medical Association of India (AMAI) Thursday expressed its displeasure at the poor representation of its members in the committee of the Kerala government which formulates health policy in the state.

The committee has 15 allopathic doctors and has included only one doctor from the Ayurvedic stream of medicine.

“This is against the suggestions made by the union government with regard to making use of non-allopathic stream of medicine too for the benefit of the people of the country,” an AMAI official told reporters here.

The benefit of the co-location system, which aims at bringing the benefits of various streams of medicine under one umbrella, is that patients need not go to different hospitals or doctors when all services are available under one roof.

It is after realizing this aspect that the central government is implementing the co-location system all over the country. The health centres and the hospitals under the union government follow the system, the AMAI pointed out.

“It needs to be noted that the Planning Commission has already directed that lifestyle-related non-communicable diseases prevalent in Kerala need to be combated by adopting allopathic and also non-allopathic systems of medicine,” said the AMAI president G. Vinod Kumar.

They demanded that the draft report to be submitted by the committee needs to be kept open for discussions before being ratified.

Link: http://www.wespeaknews.com/india/ayurvedic-panel-demands-say-in-kerala-health-policy-170328.html

Republished here by courtesy of: We Speak News Dot Com
 





012. Pay Capitation Fees, Pass Private Medical Entrance In Kerala

Pay capitation fees and pass private medical entrance in Kerala

By Parda Phash

Wed, 17 Aug 2011


Kochi: As India expresses solidarity with Anna Hazare on the issue of corruption, a recent judgement by the Kerala High Court showed that there are many in the country who will prefer it the wrong way.


On Wednesday, the HC nullified the medical entrance exams conducted by 11 private colleges and asked the state government to take over all the seats for making fresh admissions.

The colleges are accused of charging enormous sums in the form of capitation fees for admissions.

At least 500 students will have their careers in jeopardy after this judgement. They had agreed to pay the amount in order to 'smoothly pass' the entrance exams.

The court also slammed the state government for not keeping a tab on such colleges.

Acting on a student's petition alleging flouting of rules by the management, Justice Antony Dominic delivered the judgment.

According to reports, one of the colleges was caught on camera asking for a student to pay more than Rs.3 million as capitation fees.

Meanwhile, the association of private medical colleges have said that they will appeal against the verdict.

Link: http://www.pardaphash.com/news/pay-capitation-fees-pass-pvt-medical-entrance-in-kerala/678700.html#.UfPv1TeAWrB

Republished here by courtesy of: Parda Phash Dot Com










011. Corruption Thrives In Kerala Medical College Pharmacies

Corruption thrives in Kerala medical college pharmacies due to lack of store verification officers

By Pharma Biz.com 

Vivek Narayanan, Chennai

January 31, 2007

The medical college pharmacies in Kerala seem to have become breeding grounds for rampant corruption, thanks to the apathetic attitude of the state government's Directorate of Medical Education (DME) in appointing store verification officers. There are allegations of smuggling of medical equipments and medicines worth lakhs of rupees from these pharmacies to sell them outside, leaving the poor patients high and dry. 

Kerala Government Pharmacists Association general secretary KC Ajith Kumar alleged that smuggling of equipments and medicines from the hospitals for selling it outside has been going on in Kerala for a long time now. Recently, goods worth nearly three lakhs were allegedly smuggled from Kottayam Medical College Hospital and the government has ordered a probe into the issue. 

Ajith Kumar said that in the year 1996, after a similar incident in the Calicut Medical College Hospital, the government had formed a committee and asked it to submit a report. The report submitted by the committee asked the government to implement certain steps to curb recurrence of such incidents. 

The committee wanted the government to implement the ward pharmacy system, appointment of qualified person in the storage facility, checking of stocks by qualified personnel, etc. For the purpose of checking the stocks, the committee recommended two teams: one for Kozhikode and Thrissur medical colleges and the other for Alleppey, Kottayam and Thiruvananthapuram medical colleges. 

Turning a blind eye towards the recommendation of the committee, there has been no initiative from the government so far in appointing stock verification officers, even as smuggling of goods continues unabated. He said that there were no proper accounts or documentation of stocks in the medical college pharmacies and this was the reason why the culprits could easily smuggle the goods from the hospitals to line their pockets. 

Commenting on the number of staff personnel needed for stock verification, Ajith Kumar said that there was a need for five members in each team. A store verification officer, storekeeper, typist, clerk and a peon were needed in each team to carry out the procedures properly. 

He said that while the Directorate of Health Services (DHS) of Kerala had appointed nearly 13 stock verification officers for monitoring its pharmacies and have been conducting inspections annually, it was a mystery why the DME is neglecting the issue. 

"Now the government, without forming any committee, has asked the officials to probe the issue. But it is alleged that such offences are committed with the connivance of the government officials. Even the Subhadra Committee report had not been circulated to the medical colleges. It is not known why the government chose to keep it under wrap," a source said. 

When the Directorate of Medical Education of Kerala was contacted, sources in the department told that they had requested the DHS to send their stock verification team for checking the medical college pharmacies too. 

The source informed that though the Medical College Pharmacies come under the purview of the DME, the staff and concerns were under the control of the DHS. "This is the problem we have been facing. The dual control of the administration has put us in dilemma. When the pharmacies are under our control the pharmacist and other related staff members come under the control of the DHS," said a highly informed source. 

Link: http://www.pharmabiz.com/NewsDetails.aspx?aid=37634&sid=2

Republished here by courtesy of: Pharma Biz Dot Com





010. Unthinkable Undrinkable Coca Cola

Unthinkable Undrinkable Coca Cola
 
By Killer Coke Org

Dear Sisters & Brothers:


Strong labor unions are critical to improve wages, working conditions and human rights for all workers and for democracies to flourish. For workers in Colombia and Guatemala, a strong union can also mean the difference between life and death.
The Campaign to Stop Killer Coke originated to stop the gruesome cycle of violence against union leaders and organizers in Colombia in efforts to crush their union, SINALTRAINAL. Since then, violence, abuse and exploitation leveled against Coke workers and communities have been uncovered in other countries as well, notably China, El Salvador, Guatemala, India, Mexico and Turkey.

Colombia

In Colombia, the importance of winning the struggle against Coke was best summed up by SINALTRAINAL Vice President Juan Carlos Galvis when he said:

"If we lose this fight against Coke,
First we will lose our union,
Next we will lose our jobs,
And then we will all lose our lives!"

The Coca-Cola Case,
a Documentary Film from Directors
German Gutiérrez and Carmen Garcia


Lawsuits were filed in the United States in 2001 and 2006 by the United Steelworkers of America and the International Labor Rights Fund on behalf of SINALTRAINAL, several of its members who were falsely imprisoned and the survivors of Isidro Gil and Adolfo de Jesus Munera, two of its murdered officers. The lawsuits charged Coca-Cola bottlers "contracted with or otherwise directed paramilitary security forces that utilized extreme violence and murdered, tortured, unlawfully detained or otherwise silenced trade union leaders." The lawsuits and campaign were developed to force Coca-Cola to once and for all end further bloodshed, compensate victims and provide safe working conditions.

The Campaign called for the main judge, Joseph E. Martinez, who presided over the original lawsuits against The Coca-Cola Co. and its Colombian bottlers in Federal District Court in Miami, Florida, to recuse himself because of serious conflicts of interest and statements he made about the case.

Coca-Cola, which is virulently anti-union, claims that any allegations that its bottlers in Colombia are involved in the systematic intimidation, kidnapping, torture, and murder of union leaders are false. Yet the company has fought every effort to have an independent investigation into these allegations while at the same time has misled the public and its own shareholders with a long string of lies and bogus investigations.

Guatemala

On February 25, 2010, another human rights abuse lawsuit against Coca-Cola was filed in the Supreme Court of the State of New York and later moved to federal district court. "This case involves a campaign of violence - including rape, murder, and attempted murder - against trade unionists and their families at the behest of the management of Coca-Cola bottling and processing plants in Guatemala."

It should be noted what happened in the '70s and '80s in Guatemala City: According to "Soft Drink, Hard Labor" published by the Latin America Bureau (UK) in 1987, "For nine years the 450 workers at the Coca-Cola bottling plant in Guatemala City fought a battle for their jobs, their trade union and their lives. Three times they occupied the plant — on the last occasion for 13 months. Three General Secretaries of their union were murdered and five other workers killed. Four more were kidnapped and have disappeared. Against all the odds they survived."

Turkey

In Turkey, in 2005, 105 workers at a Coca-Cola bottling plant in Istanbul joined a union and were terminated. They organized a lengthy sit-down strike in front of the main offices of Coca-Cola in Turkey. After several weeks of protesting, Coca-Cola workers entered the building to demand their reinstatement. While leaders of the workers were meeting with senior management for the company, the company ordered Turkish riot police to attack the workers who were by all accounts peacefully assembled, many with their spouses and children. Nearly two hundred of them were beaten badly and many required hospitalization. Lawsuits are pending. 

China

In China: Based on undercover investigations at several Coke plants, Chinese press reported in December 2008 that Coke employees are "involved in the most dangerous, intense and tiresome labor, work the longest hours, but receive the lowest wages and face arrears and even cutbacks in their pay." One investigator claimed that Coke violated Chinese labor laws and reported that workers "often worked 12 hours per day for an entire month without a single day off."

In a report, "Violence in Coca-Cola's Labor Subcontracting System in China," it was revealed:

"On the 12 August 2009, a labor dispatch company hired by Coca-Cola's designated Hangzhou-based bottling plant was discovered to have threatened two university student-workers who asked for their own and their two other fellow workers' back pay upon their resignation. Xiao Liang, 24, was beaten up by two managers at the labor dispatch company's office, resulting in serious wounds over his left eye, left hand, and right ear. Xiao Xu sent Xiao Liang to the Dongfang Hospital immediately after police arrived on the scene. Xiao Liang was later diagnosed with a ruptured eardrum, resulting in compromised hearing capacity..."

Two years earlier, BBC News (5/21/07) reported that Coca-Cola has been accused of benefiting from prison labor in China.

Mexico

Mexico, the country with the highest per capita consumption of Coca-Cola, is a huge profit center for Coke to the detriment of the health of millions of children and adults who suffer an inordinate rate of obesity, diabetes and other serious maladies. Dr. Ann Lopez, author and environmental science Professor, Ph.D. at San Jose City College in California, and Director of the Center for Farmworker Families states:

"The people of west central Mexico are easy corporate prey for predator Coke. You can't stand anywhere in some of the rural towns and not see a Coke ad. I've seen what Coke is doing in the west central Mexico countryside where I do research: pushing their addictive products on peasant populations who can ill afford them and in which one in 10 may have undiagnosed diabetes."

To control the soft drinks market in Mexico, Coca-Cola has shown repeatedly it will break the law. The Angel Alvarado Agüero case, currently in the Mexican courts, describes how this former marketing executive of Coca-Cola was unjustifiably dismissed when he refused to carry out illegal monopolistic marketing practices as directed by the Company. This case also highlights how The Coca-Cola Co. is cheating Mexican workers out of hundreds of millions of dollars in profit sharing and other benefits and shortchanging the Mexican government out of millions of dollars in tax revenues.

Investigative reporter Beverly Bell pointed out that "...more than 12 million people do not have access to potable water in Mexico." She explains how then-Mexican President Vicente Fox, who prior to his election in 2000 was president of Coca-Cola in Mexico and Latin America, "...with help from the World Bank-has successfully pursued water privatization, as well as a massive land privatization program, that allowed companies free access to all the resources on the land, including water."

Bell wrote in 2006, "Since 2000 [while Fox was president], Coca-Cola has negotiated 27 water concessions from the Mexican government. Nineteen of the concessions are for the extraction of water from aquifers and from 15 different rivers, some of which belong to indigenous peoples. Eight concessions are for the right of Coke to dump its industrial waste into public waters."

El Salvador



In addition to abuse of workers, Coke has been involved in the exploitation of children by benefiting from hazardous child labor in sugar cane fields in El Salvador. This was first documented by Human Rights Watch in 2004 and in footage taken in 2007 for a nationally-televised British documentary and highlighted in Mark Thomas's book "Belching Out the Devil: Global Adventures with Coca-Cola," published in 2009 in the U.S.
Representatives of the International Labor Organization interviewed company representatives at Colombian Coca-Cola bottling plants in 2008 to ascertain whether they exercised any control of suppliers of raw materials (such as sugar) to ensure that they did not use child labor. The manager at the Coke plant in Cali said that their suppliers should not use child labor, but added "that the enterprise [Coca-Cola] did not yet exercise oversight over this issue."

India

Of the 200 countries where Coca-Cola is sold, India reportedly has the fastest-growing market, but the adverse environmental impacts of its operations there have subjected The Coca-Cola Co. and its local bottlers to a firestorm of criticism and protest. There has been a growing outcry against Coca-Cola's production practices throughout India, which are draining out vast amounts of public groundwater and turning farming communities into virtual deserts. Suicide rates among Indian farmers whose livelihoods are being destroyed are growing at an alarming rate. Every day for years there has been some form of protest, from large demonstrations to small vigils, against Coca-Cola's abuses in India.

One target of protest has been the Coca-Cola bottling plant in Plachimada, Kerala, which has remained shut down since March 2004 as a result of the community-led campaign in Plachimada challenging Coca-Cola's abuse of water resources.

The International Environmental Law Research Centre issued a report in 2007 that stated, in part, "The deterioration of groundwater in quality and quantity and the consequential public health problems and the destruction of the agricultural economy are the main problems identified in Plachimada. The activity of The Coca Cola Company has caused or contributed a great deal to these problems...The availability of good quality water for drinking purposes and agriculture has been affected dangerously due to the activity of the Company. Apart from that, the Company had also polluted the agricultural lands by depositing the hazardous wastes. All these points to the gross violation of the basic human rights, that is, the right to life, right to livelihood and the violation of the pollution control laws."

In 2009, the government of Kerala set up the High Power Committee to Assess the Extent of Damages Caused by the Coca-Cola Plant at Plachimada, India, which "recommended that Coca-Cola be held liable for Indian Rupees 216 crore (US$ 48 million) for damages caused as a result of the company's bottling operations in Plachimada."

The human rights abuses discussed above are but one aspect of Coke's sinful world. But if you study this website, you will find up-to-date news, reports and other information that shows the world of Coca-Cola is a world full of lies, deception, immorality, corruption, and widespread labor, human rights and environmental abuses, and that Coke has inflicted great hardship and despair upon many people and communities throughout the world.

When people see Coca-Cola ads, they should think of crimes and misconduct on a worldwide scale so unthinkable that all of Coke's products become undrinkable! To read more about the abuses in various countries, go to "Coke's Crimes (By Country)" in our main menu. We would appreciate any additional information regarding Coca-Cola abuses that we can use to further document Coke's crimes throughout the world.

Link: http://www.killercoke.org/

Republished here by courtesy of: Killer Coke Org






009. Is God's Own Country The Land Of Guinea Pigs?

Is god’s own country the land of guinea pigs? 

By Kerala Views Weblog

17 Aug 2012

IndiaVision television channel has reported on large scale clinical trials of drug trials in Kerala.


http://www.indiavisiontv.com/2012/08/16/101958.html

It claims that about 100 people have died during drug trials. This and other allegations are not well corroborated. Given the number of trials that have taken place in the State, this is, however, not an improbable figure though many of them may have died during the trial due to other causes. But were they well investigated?


Given the number of trials being done in a few of the institutions, it is clear that sufficient attention is not being paid to obtaining informed consent of the patients and proper monitoring of their health and side effects.

The report raises several questions: Is it ethical to use free medical camps as a recruiting ground for clinical trials?
It is seen that old and unhealthy patients have been used for testing new drugs. Though such patients can be subjected to studies on efficacy of approved drugs, is it ethical to try new drugs on them?

It appears that Trivandrum had at least two institutions that were exclusively engaged in drug trials. Is it right for institutions without facilities for emergency care to undertake such tests?

It is reported that a hospital used to obtain consent for testing medicines after patients have been administered with anesthetics and such medicines are injected when they are unconscious. If true, this calls for a criminal investigation.

Should not the ethical committees in hospitals be appointed and controlled by the government. Should not they at least have representatives of government in them? Should not an independent agency be recording informed consent of patients? Or, there should be a government controlled depository for such consents with authority to verify consents randomly. Details of clinical trials being done by each institution should be well-publicised and transparent.

Link: http://keralaviews.wordpress.com/2012/08/17/is-gods-own-country-the-land-of-ginea-pigs/

Republished here by courtesy of: Kerala Views Weblog Dot Com.




Sunday, 28 July 2013

008. Pentavalent Vaccine For Child Immunization Unsafe: Experts

Pentavalent vaccine for child immunization unsafe: Experts 

By OFFICE OF MEDICAL AND SCIENTIFIC JUSTICE


Jan 18 (PUNE, INDIA) – Concerned by the deaths following administration of Pentavalent vaccine, a group of academicians, professors, teachers of public health and pediatricians from different cities, including Pune, has requested the Union health secretary to withdraw it from the immunization schedule.


The Pentavalent vaccine (DPT+Hib+Hep B) was introduced in Kerala and Tamil Nadu on the recommendation of the National Technical Advisory Group on Immunization (NTAGI). There were concerns about its safety and, therefore, the NTAGI mandated that it was to be introduced in immunization program in just two states (Tamil Nadu and Kerala)- to monitor the vaccine’s safety.

“Thereafter, according to the minutes of the NTAGI meeting, the data was to be reviewed after one year of the introduction, before extending its use to other states. We are concerned that well before the data from Kerala and Tamil Nadu could be analyzed, it was introduced in Haryana at the end of last year,” states the letter sent to Union health secretary on January 15. 


In the last three weeks, three more infants died in Kerala, while one died in Haryana this week, after being administered with the vaccine. On the face of it, there seems be no ‘alternative cause’ for the deaths, the letter states. 
In November, there were three deaths in Vietnam and this led to the immediate termination of program being stopped immediately in that country. Similar deaths have occurred in Sri Lanka, Bhutan and Pakistan after the use of the vaccine. When each death is seen in isolation, it is reasonable to consider them as mere coincidences – but that is not acceptable when it happens repeatedly, states the letter. 

In Pakistan, it was said to be ‘sudden death’. This, unfortunately, is mistaken with the sudden infant death syndrome (diagnosed only in case of unexplained deaths), which it was clearly not, it says. 

Bhutan had eight deaths and it was said that the deaths were due to encephalitis, although there was no evidence of infection. It has been noted, subsequently, that after the vaccination was stopped for a year, there were no more such ‘encephalitis’ deaths. 

In Sri Lanka, the expert group probed the deaths following administration of the vaccine and reported that they could not find alternative cause for the deaths other than the use of the vaccine (and so had to conclude that the deaths were probably related to the vaccine). That they wrote in their report that the vaccine was unrelated to the deaths is another story, the letter states. 

“It is for us as experts and the Union government to look at all these seemingly isolated instances of deaths in a comprehensive manner to see the underlying pattern and act if needed. Considering that the vaccine is given to a large number of children who are well, it is crucial that they be completely safe,” the letter states. 

“As doctors, we are aware that most medicines have some side effects, but repeated instances of deaths as side effect from a vaccination program for a disease that itself can be treated with antibiotics cannot be acceptable,” the letter states.



The team of doctors and professors who wrote the letter include senior paediatrician Jacob Pulliyel, head of paediatrics, St Stephen’s Hospital, Delhi, and also a member of NTAGI; professor B M Hegde, former vice chancellor, Manipal University; Vikas Bajpai of Centre for Social Medicine and Community Health, Jawaharlal Nehru University; professor Amitav Banerjee of D Y Patil Medical College, Pune, and paediatrician Arun Gupta, member, prime minister’s council on nutritional challenges, among others. 

Link: http://www.omsj.org/corruption/pentaunsafe21jan

Republished here by courtesy of: Office Of Medical And Scientific Justice





007. Alleged Health Corruption Scam Rocks Kerala Assembly

Alleged health corruption scam rocks Kerala assembly

By Two Circles Net

3 March 2009
Via IANS

 

Thiruvananthapuram : The Kerala assembly was Tuesday rocked by a heated debate over a media report that alleged corruption in the medical department, following which the entire opposition staged a walkout.

Health Minister P.K. Sreemathy denied all allegations of corruption that were leveled by the popular Malayala Manorama daily and its sister concern MMTV.

"It has not even been a year since the KMSC (Kerala Medical Service Corporation) replaced the five decade old Central Purchase Committee but it is continuously been attacked. The Manorama has been particularly harsh on it by making baseless allegations," said Sreemathy.

Since the past week, the Malayala Manorama group has been publihsing reports on how drugs are being purchased by the government from some blacklisted pharmaceutical companies.

"The rules are very clear. Only medicines that are found wanting in quality are blacklisted and not the companies that produce it. The media should behave more responsibly," added Sreemathy.

However, Congress leader V.D. Satheesan said one particular company whose product was blacklisted was allowed to supply the same drug.

"The sad fact is that KMSC officials have requested the state government to hold a vigilance inquiry against the media, which has uncovered the corruption. And this decision was taken in the presence of the health minister. A vigilance inquiry can be initiated only against public servants," said Satheesan, whose leave for adjournment was disallowed.

Opposition leader Oommen Chandy said that if the Malayala Manorama report is wrong, the government should file a defamation suit.

"We want to ask Chief Minister V.S.Achuthanandan if the government intends to gag the media and if they plan to launch a vigilance inquiry," asked Chandy.

Intervening in the debate, Achuthanandan made it clear that his government has no plans of ordering a vigilance inquiry against the media.

However, Chandy led the entire opposition out of the assembly since he said Sreemathy's explanation was not adequate.

Mathews Varghese, associate editor of Malayala Manorama, told IANS that they stand by their report.

"The sting operation that we did was just meant to bring out corruption in its original form after we received several complaints about the manner in which the KSMC is being run," said Varghese.

Link: http://twocircles.net/2009mar03/alleged_corruption_scam_rocks_kerala_assembly.html

Republished here by courtesy of: Two Circles Net.




006. Unethical Behaviour And Corruption In Clinical Drug Trials In Kerala

Corruption and unethical behavior in clinical drug trials in Kerala.

By PARTNERSHIP FOR TRANSPARENCY FUND. 

Inadequate rules and regulations and poor or no government enforcement of these rules within the sector of clinical drug trials in Kerala State, India, have led a local CSO, JANANEETHI, to start investigating the field and research structural flaws that violate human rights and result in poor delivery of public health services. Through its actions, Jananeethi has successfully engaged authorities to take up the issue and create awareness among stakeholders. Closing loopholes, eliciting an ethics debate and prompting government agencies to enforce and oversee drug trials have rendered Jananeethi’s intervention highly successful. A second phase of the project is under way.

India has become a global hub for clinical drug trials on human subjects, reportedly worth $400 million USD and growing by over 30% per year. Until the 1990s, most clinical research was carried out in academic medical centers and financed by the Government. Recently, commercial interests have started dominating the drug trial scene in which the financial bottom-line can override ethical and human rights concerns. A number of factors are responsible for the current increase in drug trials conducted in India. These include the low cost of experiments, almost 60% less than comparable trials in Europe or the US, and access to a large pool of illiterate and relatively less educated patients with a wide variety of diseases. Trials became easier after the 2005 amendment of the Drugs and Cosmetics Act of 1940 permitting concurrent trials. These factors and the absence of specific laws to protect patients have lead to widespread corruption in clinical drug trials.

Rampant corruption has been alleged from the highest policy level down to local institutions. The regulatory mechanism is steered from the drug controller’s office at the center with little involvement and control at the local levels. Bio-equivalence trials offer participants large payments in violation of existing ethical guidelines inducing poor people to risk their lives. At present, sound and ethical clinical trials depends mostly on personal integrity and honesty of the investigator concerned. While corruption is so widespread, there are no specific laws to prosecute illegal or unethical activities. 

Actions Taken by Jananeethi.

During the first phase of the project, Jananeethi focused on identifying the problems in drug trials and the underlying structural weaknesses in the regulatory system. It identified five participants of drug trials and recorded their experience. In continuation, the CSO identified the weaknesses in the regulatory mechanism through personal interviews conducted with members of a variety of institutions, including medical colleges; ethics review boards, hospitals, staff and doctors responsible for the trials and others working on ethical standards of drug trials. The research exposed serious shortcomings and loopholes.

Jananeethi felt that the Government of India had aggressively encouraged foreign drug trials without establishing necessary protective measures and without guaranteeing inadequate effective regulatory mechanisms. 

Jananeethi also felt that the Central Drugs Standard Control Organization (CDSCO), the principal regulatory agency, lacked capacity and/or the will to carry out its functions including the scientific review of trial protocols and monitoring the conduct of trials. Ethics committees were not adequately equipped or trained nor were they held accountable for their decisions. The confidentiality clause in the Indian Council for Medical Research (ICMR) guidelines indemnified the researchers who violated ethical norms and good practices while not protecting the privacy of trial participants. Physicians received huge incentives and payments to recruit trial subjects. Often patients would not know they were being used as test cases. Simultaneously, necessary medical treatments and compensations were denied or withheld for a growing number of trial related injuries and deaths occurring among the test population.

Jananeethi has published a handbook on ethical standards of clinical trials for capacity-building purposes and undertook awareness raising activities with the full range of stakeholders involved, including briefing media representatives aiming to launch a state wide campaign on appropriate practices and ethical standards for drug trials reaching out to the public through radio programs, television and other media.

The CSO also reinforced existent outreach to medical professionals and members of various ethics committees, awareness raising classes for medical students and other affected parties. Project activities furthermore included: advocacy through presentations to government officials, Members of Parliament, the State Legislative Assembly and heads of medical institutions; select monitoring of drug trial activities; and coalition building among concerned institutions.

All these activities will be reinforced and strengthened in a follow-up to the first project phase to ensure sustainable results and make use of the successfully created momentum.

Impact and Results Achieved.

Jananeethi has successfully carried out an extensive investigation and has brought to surface the serious shortcomings, malpractices and violations of guidelines in the fast growing business of clinical drug trials in India. Its research has also shown that while there were a few guidelines, no specific law existed to enforce them and punish violators.

Jananeethi has been highly successful in elevating the issue of corruption in drug trials to the national level. As a result, Jananeethi was contacted and has submitted a report to the Human Rights Commission which is investigating rights violations in drug trials. Jananeethi also participated in the first ever national consultation on the regulation of clinical trials which was held in collaboration with representatives from ICMR, World Health Organization, CDSCO, international medical research organizations and members of a Parliamentary Committee. While there was initial resistance on behalf of the authorities at first, constant pursuance and endurance on behalf of Jananeethi has prompted officials as well as doctors and other stakeholders to constructively engage with the project and start furthering its objectives of realizing safe and ethical drug-testing.

Jananeethi has succeeded as a whistle blower in Kerala, publicly challenging and protesting corrupt practices in drug trials. Jananeethi was promised by the Health Secretary of Kerala that strict measures would be taken to respect ethical practices in drug trials. The second phase is expected to create further results in awareness building through campaigning for sound ethical practices under international accepted norms in clinical drug trials.

Link: http://ptfund.org/2012/04/corruption-drug-trials-kerala-india/

Republished here by courtesy of: Partnership For Transparency Fund.




005. Lack Of Accountability Of Medical Practitioners In India And Corruption

Corruption in health care and lack of accountability of medical practitioners in India


By Instablogs.com

It is sad that Mr. Gulam Nabi Azad, our Hon’ble Health Minister not much active in handling various grievances of public domain and addressing the corruption in health sector. This is the vast area which need to be addressed by the UPA II urgently. The corruption from the date of entrance/ admission for a student. Most of the doctors today doing pharmacist job and even a better salesman can give good medicine compare to a doctor in India. The corruption in pharma sector is alarmingly increasing day by day and doctors-pharma companies-hospital nexus come out with new methods every day and it is very difficult to nab them. The doctor-patient relation is reached worst ever. Just to grab the money, doctors and hospital authorities prescribe unwanted medicines, unwanted tests (even one lab test not admissible to other doctors, the reason they only known, may be commission is the reason), lack of standard in testing lab, fake expensive medicines prescribing by doctors to intentionally complicating and troubling patient to increase their problem, so more problem, more money that is the method adopted by doctors nowadays. Earlier one doctor used to handle all the human body. Now the new avatar of specialists making the matter more complicated and earning much more than the good doctors.

They never prescribe low cost generic medicines and they prescribe high expensive multinational’s medicines with various unwanted testings and this way apart from their fees, they are taking lots of commission. There is also fake drugs in famous labels, even in generic medicines available in the market.

There is no policy and control over drug pricing in India. Cancer like disease the price of drugs even not affordable to upper segment of the society. A comprehensive drug pricing policy need to bring and giving compulsory and free licencing to Indian pharmaceuticals to reduce the drug prices. Some countries like Venezuela etc. adopted such system to make more affordable on medicine.

Govt. need to form a specialized body inviting public suggestion and find ways and means in redressing the unredressed grievances of the public at large. In India, it is difficult to find fault on the doctor, and always patients and their relatives are blamed, with no fault on their part. Doctors even by law are well protected while poor patients despite spending lots of money, have to face the music of hospital authorities and doctors. They always behave like a god like manner and the victim is most of the time treated (especially in major disease admitted to hospital) like a convict in Tihar jail. Most of the time, the relatives don’t have the access to the victim patient and hospital authorities use every trick to grab the money by admitting in ICU, putting in oxygen mask and even kill the patient. Even after killing the poor victim patient, they keep the body even for one or two days more on ventilator.

The readers think that this is a cooked story. My family members faced similar experience at my native place i.e. my brother in law’s wife admitted for delivery at Divine Hospital, in Trichur Dist, Kerala. Delivery was normal. To grab the money by hospital authorities, they did not care the child despite repeated request to due to carelessness, the child died. The child did not give a single drop for more than 12 hours. When the child lost the control, they admitted to ICU and killed there. The dead body kept for many hours and at midnight 3.00 O clock, they told to take the child to any big hospital. Their ambulance left with oxygen mask left to a big Jubilee Mission Hospital. There the India’s leading gynecologist a foreign told my brother how you brought the dead body to their hospital. The child already dead for more than 5 hours, says in Hospital itself. Doctor immediately understood the foul play and he told that there was some foul play. In any case, during pregnancy, there was no symptom of any difficult to the child and the child was very healthy and active at the time of delivery even before delivery. Child specialists saying that there should be always a system if there is any trouble to child.

There are many such incidents, I witnessed in life while dealing with doctor. State and central govt. come out with better legislation and bring transparency and accountability on health sector and doctors and hospital authorities made accountable and make awareness of public their basic rights while dealing with doctors.

Link: http://www.instablogs.com/corruption-in-health-care-and-lack-of-accountability-of-medical-practitioners-in-india.html

Republished here by courtesy of: Insta Blogs Dot Com.






004. Health Director To Be Removed From Post

Health Director to be removed from post.


By Newz First
 
Thiruvananthapuram
11 Nov 2009

Kerala Health department has decided to remove K Shylaja, Director of Health Services (DHS), from her post after Vigilance department initiated steps to prosecute her in a corruption case involving purchase of medicines in 2002.
The Vigilance case was that Shylaja, who was the then District Medical Officer here, and the then DHS VK Rajan had purchased hepatitis-B vaccine in excess of the required quantity, causing a loss of Rs 1.9 crore to the department. Rajan is the first accused in the case and Shylaja, the second accused.

Sources at the office of the Health Minster said it would not be proper to allow her to continue in the post of DHS in the wake of Vigilance department's decision last month to prosecute her. She would be shifted to the state AIDS control society as its director, the sources said.

Link: http://www.newzfirst.com/web/guest/full-story/-/asset_publisher/Qd8l/content/health-director-to-be-removed-from-post?redirect=/web/guest/health

Republished here by courtesy of: Newz First Dot Com.





003. Central Drug Purchasing Greatest Corruption

Central drug purchasing greatest corruption.

By Pharma Biz.

P A Francis.
4 April 2012


Procurement of medicines, vaccines, contraceptives, medical equipments, etc. for various disease control programmes of the Central and state governments has grown into a huge business in India with increasing allocation of funds for it annually. These purchases are required for millions of employees of large undertakings like railways, defense department, public sector oil companies, etc. of the Central government and for health departments of state governments. What was happening over the last several years is growing corruption in purchases of drugs and other medical supplies of the Central and state governments. Many of these products are found to be not of standard quality and procured from multinationals and large Indian companies totally disregarding the quality products available from small scale companies. These purchases are made without following proper purchase norms and at high prices. And there has been complaints against such questionable procurement of medicines and other supplies in the past from various quarters. However some of the state governments like Tamil Nadu, Andhra Pradesh and Kerala have, of late, detected these irregularities in drug purchases in their states and have tried to streamline the system by setting up autonomous corporations for the purpose.

Compared to the state government purchases, the requirement of medicines by the Central government and its agencies is much larger and it is estimated to be more than Rs.2000 crore annually. For the Central government, most of the purchases are made under the Central Government Health Scheme of the heath ministry apart from the direct purchases by undertaking like Railways, SAIL, Coal India, etc. As these purchases involved huge sums of money, corruption and unfair purchase practices have got deep into the system. These Central agency and PSUs have been following different drug procurement criteria restricting the entry of several medium and small scale drug companies with good quality products. Earlier central agencies and PSUs have been procuring medicines through open tender applications without any restrictions like turnover criterion. But, since last 3 years, some of the PSUs imposed certain conditions barring smaller Indian companies from participating in the tenders. The conditions are based on considerations such as size of the company, market share and turnover and not on factors like quality, efficacy and affordability. In short, there was no uniformity in purchase norms of PSUs and CGHS causing discrimination and discontentment among the pharma industry. The health ministry has been, therefore, planning to bring an end to this faulty system of drug purchases by different central agencies and establish an autonomous and transparent drug procurement body. Now, last week Central Medical Services Society was established as the central procurement agency for all Central government purchases. The agency is expected to start functioning from current year as an independent, professional and autonomous agency for procurement of quality medicines and services required by the ministry of health in a transparent and fair manner. This revamped drug procurement system is expected to bring in prudent utilization of funds for various government healthcare schemes from now onwards. The health ministry must now ensure that CMSS should efficiently procure and distribute quality medicines and other supplies from largest number of pharmaceutical companies in the country henceforth. 

Link: http://pharmabiz.com/ArticleDetails.aspx?aid=68328&sid=3


Republished here by courtesy of: Pharma Biz Dot Com.






002. Kerala Health Minister Resigns From Cabinet

Kerala Health Minister Resigns From Cabinet 

By Press Trust of India

Thiruvananthapuram,
 13 January 2006

Kerala Health Minister KK Ramachandran on Friday submitted his resignation to Chief Minister Oommen Chandy following allegations against him and his office. The allegations were that the Minister and his office had threatened some officials who had given statements to the Lok Ayukta in connection with a case relating to alleged corruption in transfers and postings in the health department. 

While disclosing that he had received the Minister's resignation letter, Chandy said a decision on it would be taken after consultation with his senior party colleagues.

Defending his beleaguered colleague, Chandy said he was convinced that Ramachandran did not commit any irregularity, as it was evident from the report given by IG, South Zone, who was asked to probe the facts regarding the charges made against the Minister.

The Chief Minister, however, said the probe had found that an Additional Personal Secretary (APS) in the minister's office had spoken to the District Medical Officer (DMO) in Wayanad in "a threatening voice."
The Minister had been asked to drop the APS from his personal staff.

Ramachandran's position became untenable after a television channel today aired the audiotape of a telephonic conservation he purportedly had with DMO in Wayanad, Raveendran, in which the minister sought to know about the statement he had given to the Lok Ayukta.

Link: http://www.hindustantimes.com/News-Feed/NM5/Kerala-Health-Minister-resigns-from-cabinet/Article1-51265.aspx

Republished here by courtesy of: The Hindustan Times Dot Com.







001. Probe Corruption In Health Department. The Hindu.

Probe Corruption In Health Department

By The Hindu.

THIRUVANANTHAPURAM: The Leader of the Opposition, V. S. Achuthanandan, has urged the Chief Minister, Oommen Chandy, to conduct an inquiry by an independent agency into the `grave' instances of corruption in the Health Department. 

In a letter to the Chief Minister, released for publication on Wednesday, Mr. Chandy said that corruption was rampant in the department in purchase of medicines and equipment and appointment and transfer of doctors. He alleged that there was large-scale corruption in the inclusion of seven new companies after opening the tenders for drug supply and subsequent purchase of drugs from these companies at prices that were 50 to 81 per cent higher than those permissible under the stores purchase norms. 

He alleged corruption in appointment and transfer of doctors and said Rs. 1.5 lakhs was being charged for posting persons selected as assistant surgeons in their home districts. Posting in district and taluk offices would cost Rs. 3 lakhs that as District Medical Officer would cost Rs. 5 lakhs. Majority of doctors were now being 'subjected' to discretionary transfers so as to collect amounts ranging from Rs. 2 lakhs to 20 lakhs as bribe, he said. 

Link: http://www.hindu.com/2005/04/21/stories/2005042113360400.htm



Republished here by courtesy of: The Hindu Dot Com.